The way we use hyphens in English can significantly impact the clarity of our writing. One common area of confusion involves the prefix “re-” and whether to hyphenate words like reevaluation or re-evaluation.
Should we include the hyphen, or is it unnecessary?
This article dives deep into hyphenation rules in American English, with a specific focus on the “re-” prefix, to help you make the right choice every time.
Introduction to Hyphenation in American English
Hyphenation rules in American English can seem inconsistent, but they serve an essential purpose: clarity. Hyphens connect parts of compound words, making them easier to read and preventing misinterpretation.
Reevaluation or re-evaluation? The hyphen choice matters for clarity and professionalism. Learn when to hyphenate “re-” words in American English.
For example:
- Re-sign (to sign again) versus resign (to quit a position).
The presence or absence of a hyphen can completely change a word’s meaning. While some rules about hyphenation are flexible, others depend on specific contexts or word formations, especially with prefixes like “re-.”
When to Hyphenate: The Prefix “Re-” Explained
The prefix “re-” generally means again or back and is attached to base words without a hyphen. However, hyphenation is required when not using it could lead to ambiguity or confusion in meaning.
Key Situations Requiring a Hyphen:
- Avoiding Misreading:
If the unhyphenated word could be confused with another word, use a hyphen.- Re-cover (to cover again) vs. recover (to regain).
- Re-create (to create again) vs. recreate (to relax or play).
- Consistency in Usage:
Some writers prefer to hyphenate longer or less common words for readability, even when there’s no ambiguity. - Specialized Terms:
In technical or formal contexts, hyphenation often reflects precision.
The General Rule for Prefixes in English
The general guideline for prefixes like “re-” is to avoid hyphenation unless:
- The base word begins with a capital letter.
Example: Re-elect, Re-enact. - The lack of a hyphen creates ambiguity.
Example: Re-evaluate vs. reevaluate. - A style guide or organization explicitly requires it (e.g., Chicago Manual of Style or AP Stylebook).
For most common words, omitting the hyphen is now preferred in American English. For instance:
- Reelection
- Reexamine
- Reevaluate
However, exceptions often depend on specific contexts or regional preferences.
Understanding the Meaning of “Re-” and Its Exceptions
The prefix “re-” serves to indicate repetition or reversal of an action. Yet, in some cases, its placement affects the meaning of the word.
Examples of Words Where Hyphenation Changes the Meaning:
- Reform (to improve) vs. Re-form (to form again).
- Resort (a vacation destination) vs. Re-sort (to sort again).
Key exceptions to the “no hyphen” rule include:
- Words where the base term already starts with “e-,” such as re-elect or re-enlist.
- Compound words that become difficult to read without a hyphen, like re-establish or re-educate.
Reevaluation vs. Re-evaluation: Which is Correct?
Now to the big question: reevaluation or re-evaluation?
Both forms are technically correct, but the choice depends on the context and your preferred style guide.
- Modern American English:
- Reevaluation is the preferred spelling, as American English trends toward omitting hyphens for readability and simplicity.
- Traditional or Formal Writing:
- Re-evaluation is more common in formal or technical writing, where the hyphen is used to ensure clarity.
- Style Guides:
- The AP Stylebook typically avoids hyphens unless required for clarity, favoring reevaluation.
- The Chicago Manual of Style allows both but leans toward the simpler form.
The Impact of Omitting Hyphens in Common Usage
Omitting hyphens can streamline text but also lead to misunderstandings. For example:
- Reevaluate is clear in most contexts, but in complex sentences, it may confuse readers who associate “ree-” as one unit.
- Removing hyphens can sometimes reduce visual clarity, especially in professional or academic writing.
Examples of Misinterpretation Due to Missing Hyphens
Here are real-world examples where hyphenation changes the meaning of a word:
| Phrase | Without Hyphen | With Hyphen |
|---|---|---|
| Recover plans | To regain plans. | To cover plans again (Re-cover plans). |
| Resign contract | To quit a contract. | To sign a contract again (Re-sign contract). |
| Recreate event | To enjoy an event (recreate). | To create an event again (Re-create event). |
Takeaway: When clarity is at stake, hyphenate!
The Importance of Clarity in Professional Writing
In professional settings, even minor punctuation choices like hyphens can have significant consequences. Miscommunication due to unclear wording might lead to:
- Legal misunderstandings (resign vs. re-sign).
- Project delays (reevaluate vs. re-evaluate).
- Damage to credibility in academic or business contexts.
Always consider your audience and whether the presence of a hyphen adds necessary clarity.
Capitalization and Hyphenation: Special Case for Titles
When writing titles or headings, hyphenation rules differ slightly. Generally, capitalize the first letter of each major word but retain the hyphen. For example:
- Correct: “Re-evaluation of Policies”
- Incorrect: “ReEvaluation of Policies”
Consistency in capitalization and hyphenation demonstrates professionalism and adherence to style guides.
FAQs
When should I use “reevaluation” instead of “re-evaluation”?
In American English, “reevaluation” is preferred for simplicity and modern usage, especially in casual or general writing. Use “re-evaluation” in formal or technical contexts.
Why is hyphenation important for words with the prefix “re-”?
Hyphenation prevents ambiguity. For instance, “re-cover” means to cover again, while “recover” means to regain something.
Does the Chicago Manual of Style recommend reevaluation or re-evaluation?
The Chicago Manual of Style accepts both forms but leans toward the simpler “reevaluation” unless the hyphen is necessary for clarity.
What are some examples of “re-” words requiring hyphens?
Examples include:
- Re-cover (to cover again) vs. recover (to regain).
- Re-create (to create again) vs. recreate (to relax).
- Re-sign (to sign again) vs. resign (to quit).
How can I decide whether to hyphenate or not?
Consider context and clarity. Use a hyphen if the unhyphenated form could cause confusion or misinterpretation, or if required by a specific style guide.
Conclusion
To master hyphenation with words like reevaluation and re-evaluation:
- Follow the context-specific rules of your audience or style guide.
- Use hyphens when they clarify meaning or improve readability.
- Omit hyphens for simplicity when ambiguity isn’t a concern.
In most cases, reevaluation is acceptable and preferred in American English, while re-evaluation may suit more formal or British contexts. When in doubt, consult a style guide or prioritize clarity for your readers.
Pro Tip: Always proofread your writing to ensure your choice of hyphenation aligns with your intended meaning. A small hyphen can make a big difference!
